Wednesday, February 12, 2014

Critically evaluate the poem If–Rudyard Kipling (1856-1936)

       Poetry is one of the oldest arts. It has twin functions, ‘to please and to teach to reader’. Sometime it gives pleasing and something it gives teaching through pleasing. The poem ‘If’ is the best examples of this type of poetry. It is written by Rudyard Kipling. He was a very famous poet of early part of the twentieth century and was awarded Noble prize in 1907.
          The poem ‘If’ is an extract from a longer poem ‘If’. It is a simple poem and like a piece of instruction in which a father is giving to his son so that his son’s moral character would be improved. Thus the poem shows simple faith and clear understanding.

          The title is always an outward impression of any literary work. In literature, titles are generally given on the central ideas, central incident, or on the name of the hero. Here the title ‘If’ is a short and simple. The word ‘If’ shows probabilities and possibilities. It means if son would achieve the qualities put by his father, his moral character would be improved. This way, it is an indicative and suitable.

          The theme of the poem is that the value of human life is depended on the moral character, self-confidence and outspoken personality based on truth. ‘If’ is providing some clues to live happy and successful life. In a way, all are some elderly advice to a young man. Though the theme is very common but presented in the most glamorous way.

          The poem is divided into three stanzas. Through all these stanzas, the poet tells how to live a real life.  
          In the first stanza the poet says when all are against you and all are blaming you, at that time you must be able to keep your head up and answer all your allegations.          Secondly, when all men doubt you, at that time you can truth yourself and clear the doubts that is the real character. The faith is a great virtue and you should show faith in yourselves. You should not lose you courage and faith doubting yourself. Only self-trust will remove doubts. Trust will remove doubts but it does not mean you should not allow other people to doubt.
“If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,  
But make allowance for their doubting too.
          Third importance matter is that you should learn importance of patience. The poet says, don’t lie, if you can wait and speak the truth that is the real character. Fourthly if you are hated, don’t make your hatters and nevel look too good and never talk too wise. ‘Too good’ or ‘too wise’ may bring ruin to be moral character. The father wants him to have very reasonable and practical understanding.
          In second stanza, the father advises to dream and fulfill the dreams but not to be slave of the dreams. Life is full of happy and unhappy or sad incidents and one should be the same in every condition. In life ups (Triumph) and down (Disaster) continue to come and one should treat carefully.        “If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster  
And treat these two impostors just the same.”
          ‘Triumph’ and ‘Disaster’ are cheaters and never remain for a long time. The father wishes his son not to be trapped by the fools. You must be alert. The father again says that if you speak the truth, be ready to bear or hear it. If you have to win the ace, then you should build up your own personality. At the last, the father talks about the value of time and look everything on earth with positive eyes. All these things achieved, the whole world belongs to the son. The meaning is that ‘the world becomes paradise and that is true living as well as he is true ‘man’. As the poet says
“Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it.
And-which is more-you’ll be a man, my son
The conclusion of all the three stanzas is to be man. This is a general advice to all human beings.

          The poem ‘If’ is very simple in structure but heavy with thought and ideas. The poet has stressed in importance of fearlessness, self confidence, tolerance, equality in any condition etc. Actually the poem is an advice to all youth those who want to live successfully life and be perfect man. The advice is to instill sense of responsibility and discretion.

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