GUJARATI SUFFIX OF TENSE

Correct your English Errors yourself

Correct your English Errors yourself

Error correction is often done by the teacher providing corrections for mistakes made by students. However, it is probably more effective for students to correct their own mistakes. In order to do this, students and the teacher should have a common shorthand for correcting mistakes.

Correcting Mistakes

Correction Key

• T = tense                             P = punctuation                            WO = word order
• Prep = preposition         WW = wrong word                         GR = grammar
• Y upside down = word missing      SP = spelling

Find and mark the mistakes in the following short biography.

Yasin was born to Lahore in October 25, 1965. He began school at the age of six and continued until he was 18 years. He then went to Lahore University to learn Medicine. He decided on Medicine because he liked biology when he was at school. While he was to University he met his wife Saleena. Saleena was a beautiful woman with hair long black. They went along for years before they decided getting married. Yasin began to work like a doctor as soon as he graduated to Medical School. They had two children named Jackie and Saleem, and have lived in Queenssince the past two years. Yasin is very interested painting and likes to paint portraits of his sun Saleem.

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Compare your corrected version with the following:

Yasin was born in Lahore on October 25, 1965. He began school at the age of six and continued until he was 18 years old. He then went to Lahore University to learn Medicine. He decided on Medicine because he liked biology when he was at school. While he was at University, he met his wife Saleena. Saleena was a beautiful woman with long black hair. They went out for years before they decided to get married. Yasin began to work as a doctor as soon as he had graduated from Medical School. They have had two children named Jackie and Saleem, and have lived inQueens for the past two years. Yasin is very interested in painting and likes to paint portraits of his son Saleem

English Sequence of Tenses

English Sequence of Tenses

            The Sequence of Tenses is a principle according to which the Tense of the Verb in theDependent or Subordinate Clause follows the Tense of the Verb in the Principal Clause.

The following are the two main rules about the Sequence of Tenses.

Rule I. (a) If the Verb in the Principal Clause is in the Present or Future Tense, the Verb in the Subordinate Clause may be in any Tense (Present, Past or Future) according to the sense. But if there is some Purpose or Condition in Subordinate Clause, only Present Tense will be used in it.

Principal Clause	Subordinate Clause
He says (Present)         Or He will say (Future).	That he learns his lesson daily. (Present) That he learnt his lesson daily. (Past) That he will learn his lesson daily. (Future)

            (b) If the Verb in the Principal Clause is in the Present or Future Tense, the Verb in the Subordinate Adverb Clause of Purpose must be in the Present Tense:

                        I work hard so that I may pass.

                        I shall work hard so that I may pass.

Exception:

In a sentence, in conditional form, the Subordinate Clause generally takes a Verb in thePresent Tense and not in the Future

            1. You will catch (Future) the train, if (condition) you run (Present) fast.

            2. I shall be (Future) very glad, if (condition) you come. (Present)

Rule II. If the Verb in the Principal Clause is in the Past Tense, the Verb in the Subor­dinate Clause must be in the corresponding Past Tense:

Principal Clause	Subordinate Clause
1. He told me                            2. He asked him                           3. She knew                              4. He ran fast                             5. I expected                              6. He did not know	that his father was not at home. if he had told a lie. that he would not help her. so that he might catch the train. that you would come. that his father had come.

Exceptions:

            (a) A Past Tense in the Principal clause is followed by a Present Indefinite Tense in the Subordinate Clause when there is a Universal Truth, Habitual fact. Geographical Truth etc.:

Principal Clause	Subordinate Clause
1. The old man said 2. The teacher said 3. He told me 4. She told him	that union is strength. that the earth revolves round the sun. that his father goes out for a walk daily. that her brother is a gambler.

            (b) A Past Tense in the Principal Clause may be followed by any Tense required by the sense when the Subordinate Clause is Adverb Clause of place, reason, or comparison:

Principal Clause	Subordinate Clause
1.  We went to Lahore 2.  She wanted to live 3.  He did not accompany us 4.  She loved me more 5.  Last week he spent	where his father is employed.    (Place) where he lives.                         (Place) because he cannot walk.            (Reason) than she loves or loved or will love you. (Comparison) as much money as you will not spend in amonth.                         (Comparison)

            (c) A Past tense in the Principal Clause may be followed by any Tense required by the sense if the Subordinate Clause is an Adjective Clause:

Principal Clause	Subordinate Clause
1. I saw a man                2. The police caught a man   3. I bought a cow	who sells bicycles. who steals mangoes. which gives milk.

            (d) The Conjunction ‘lest’ is always followed by should

Principal Clause	Subordinate Clause
1. He walks carefully         2. He worked hard	lest he should fall down. lest he should fail in the examination.

(e) When the Subordinate Clause begins with 'as if or 'as though', the Verb in the Past Tense means the Present Tense

            1.         He talks as if he were mad.

            In reality, this sentence is the short form of the sentence given below.

                        He talks as he would talk if he were mad.

            He is not actually mad, however, he talks like a mad man.

            2.         She scolded me as if I were her servant.

Note: ‘As if’ or ‘as though’ are followed by ‘were’.

3.         In the following sentences study the Verbs in Subordinate Clauses:

If you work hard, you will pass.

If you had worked hard, you would have passed.

If you worked hard, you would pass.

I wish that I were a king