Sunday, February 16, 2014

Critically evaluate the poem “The Freedom of Heaven” - Rabindranath Tagore

     Rabindranath Tagore is respected as the International Indian Literary Hero. M.K. Naik writes him as ‘an inheritor of all times and all cultures. He was a winner of the Nobel Prize in 1913 for ‘Gitanjali’. Tagore’s fecundity and vitality as a poet are truly amazing. He is a very unequally poet. M.K. Naik remarks in his book “Indian writing in English Literature”.  
“At his best, Tagore remains a
poet with a delicate sensibility
deeply Indian in spirit.
          ‘Freedom of Heaven’ presents Tagore’s patriotic feeling. He pleads the God to lead his country into an ideal state. The poem also defines the real and proper meaning of freedom. It a concept of Tagore’s ‘Utopia’ in compare to ‘Gitanjali’, which expresses the thought that the heaven in but our own world. Through the poem, Tagore deals with the norms and dogmas which are very necessary to get heavenly freedom.

Title of the poem
          The title is always an important part of literary creation because it shows theme of poem. The title ‘freedom of Heaven’ is an apt and suggestive. Here a poet doesn’t mean freedom to roam anywhere or to do whatever but free and open expression of one’s soul. The poet’s concept is philosophical which shows creation of freedom rather than enjoyment of freedom. 

Theme of the poem
          Through the poem, Tagore deals with real meaning of freedom and true values of Heaven. He talks on heavenly freedom. Heaven is possible anywhere even also on the Earth. Freedom of thoughts, ideas, mind, rules, and dogmas transfer earth into heaven.  In such freedom earth would able to shift into heaven. This heaven is compared with a ‘Utopian State’ where is no suffering and no sin. We can create such heaven through deeds, ambitious and aspirations. The real heaven is nothing but created by men. Shakespeare said.
“There is nothing good or
bad but thinking makes it so.”

         
Critical Summary of the poem
          Tagore describes some virtual and ideal condition by which we can obtain the freedom. First Tagore talks on the importance of fearless mind, self-confidence and free knowledge. In first three lines, Tagore says,
“Where the mind is without fear  
And the head is held high. 
 Where knowledge is free;”
          The mind of men should not have any fear but brave and courageous to sustain and maintain the truth. The High gold is equally important in life to achieve the freedom. Being a pioneer of Education in India, Tagore believes in the Education which must be free and not bound in any narrow bookish system of examination only. Then Tagore talks about the unity of nation.  Narrow domestic walls separate men from men. To remove them, free and frank communication with every people is very necessary. Another other importance matter is that freedom is based on the truth. He says about the truth in following manner.                
The words come out from
the depth of truth.
          Here Tagore includes Gandhian philosophy of truth. In ‘My Experiment of with Truth’, Gandhiji has fully accepted the value of truth. For Gandhiji, Realization of the Truth is the purpose of human life. The poet was very influenced and impressed by Gandhi and presents the value of truth. To get the freedom, the poet believes in perfection. It comes after hard and continuous efforts. We shouldn’t think of tiredness. Tireless striving’ is only the way.
 “Where tireless striving   
stretches its arm towards  
perfection.”
          There is no heaven and no hell, if man can try. There is unique thought and action, and don’t see anything with narrow sense. Our wayward thinking and haphazard doing lead only to ‘dreary desert’. The clear stream of reason should not be gone into desert sand and of dead habit. Here the poet wants to tell something what is the view of Nehru about thought and action.
‘Thought without action is abortion, and action without thought is folly’.
          At the last, the poet pleads let these things come in order to awake his country and shows nationalism and patriotic feeling in the end of poem.
“My father, Let my county awake.”

Poetic Quality

          As far as poetic quality is concerned, the poem is in free verse, there is no division of stanza, regular rhyme schemes, or rhythm.
          We find characteristics like simplicity, lucidity and directness in the poem. We can find lucid and musical note. We can nice use of alliteration.
Where the mind is without fear 2.  And the head is held high.
          Poet uses the word ‘where’ for 11 times in the poem. It indicates some particular place where all those things are happening. In last two lines, poet uses the word ‘My Father’ indicates that actually poet is praying to God for wel-fare of his country and his country men.
          Even the poem end with ‘Exclamation’ that suggests the sense of surprise and wonder. Tagore wants to bring wonderful surprise means through freedom the possibility of heaven over earth.

Conclusion
           To summing up, Freedom of heaven’ is very thoughtful poem which presents idea that the heaven is nowhere; heaven is there only on earth. Tagore stresses on fearlessness, free knowledge, no domestic struggle, truth, perfection. The poem may remind the Gandhian philosophy of ‘Truth’ and the philosophy of ‘thoughts and action’ of Jawaharlal Nehru. Tagore’s views can be compared with slogan of French revolution ‘Equality, liberty and Brotherhood’. The poem can also be compared with ‘Earthy Paradise’ by Mulk Raj Anand.
          In this way, Tagore was a great nationalist and mighty internationalist. His poetry is born out of an amalgam of the rich classical heritage of ancient India.  In the words of Jawaharlal Nehru
As a Great Sage of Indian,
Tagore gave India’s own
message in a new language
in keeping with ‘Yugadharma’,
the spirit of the time’

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