Words are divided into different kinds or classes, according to their use; according to their work they do in a sentence. They are called Parts of Speech. Adjective is one of the parts of speech. Adjectives are used to describe nouns. They are gone with nouns and modify them. It’s definition is under.
“A word that is used to add
something to the meaning of
a noun is called an adjective”
e.g. beautiful, glorious, memorable, wealthy, lovely,
1. Vinayak is a clever boy. 2. I read a historical novel. 3. She is a quite beautiful.
Adjectives have two types of uses. (1) Attributive use (2) Predicative use:-
When an adjective is used with a noun, it is called attributive use. e.g. Neha is a beautiful girl.
When an adjective is used with a verb, it is called predicative use. e.g. Neha is afraid of cat.
Forms of Adjectives
Some Adjectives are formed from nouns. e.g.
boy-boyish, fool-foolish, care-careful, gold-golden, gift-gifted, dirt-dirty, storm-stormy.
Some Adjectives are formed Verbs. e.g.
tire-tireless, talk-talkative, cease-ceaseless, move-movable, believe-believable.
Some Adjectives are formed from other Adjective. e.g.
Tragic-tragical, whole-wholesome, ironic-ironical, historic-historical, economic-economical.
Most adjective can be modified by degree adverbs like ‘very’, ‘quite’, ‘rather’
Most adjective can have comparative and superlative forms. Such adjectives are be expressed by adding the ending ‘-er’ and ‘-est’ to the adjectives. e.g.
1. Bachchan is taller than any other hero. 2. Vinayak is the cleverest boy in the college.
Some time they are expressed by placing ‘more’ and most’ before the adjective.
1. Rani is more attractive than kajal. 2. Education is the most essential thing.
4. Functions of Adjective:-
As we have note earlier, adjectives are placed before a noun to modify its meaning. This is the primary function of an adjective. Yet It has may other functions. Let’s discuss about them.
1. Adjective as an adverb:-
Many adverbs in English are derived from adjective by the addition of –ly.
e.g. quick-quickly, careful-carefully, clever-cleverly, wise-wisely etc.
Some adverbs however do not end in –ly but have exactly the same form as adjective.
1. This is a hard sum. (Adjective) He works hard all day. (Adverb)
There are also some cases in which an adjective is used after the verbs which we might accept an adverbs.
1. He looked suspicious yesterday. (Adjective) 2. He looked suspiciously yesterday. -Adverb
The difference between an adverb form and an adjective from doesn’t always involve a difference between meanings. 1. He spoke loud. (adj.) 2. He spoke loudly. (adv.)
2. Post-modifying Adjectives :-
Generally adjectives are placed before a noun to modify its meaning but some they are placed after a noun. Such adjectives are called post modifier. They follow the item they modify. e.g.
1. The women present were his supporters
2. These girls are beautiful. Above underlined examples of post modify adjectives.
3. Adjectives with a prepositional phrase:
Adjective have different prepositional complements. Sometimes they take a preposition immediately after it, that makes prepositional phrase. e.g. good at, afraid of, fond of, interested in, keen on, ready for.
1. They are good at math. 2. His plan is based on co-operation. 3. He is afraid of me.
4. Some Adjective with ‘that’ clause:-
Some adjectives have a finite ‘that’ clause as complement.
1. I am sure that he will be fail. 2. We are glad that you can come.
Above underlined words shows adj. with ‘that’ clause. Adjectives with ‘that’ clause frequently have introductory ‘it’ as subject.
1. It is true that she never turned up. 2. It is good that he have a English history.
5. Adjectives with infinitive ‘to’:-
Some adjectives are followed by an infinitive. There are different types of adjectives with to-infinitive construction.
1. He is hard to convince. 2. I am glad to meet you.
6. Adjectives as Heads
Adjectives can function as heads of nouns phrases. There are two kinds of such adjectives; both with generic reference those denoting (1) a class of people and (2) an abstract quality.
A class of people : 1. The poor– those who are poor. 2. The brave: those who are brave.
1. We must care for the old.
2. The poor should be helped.
An abstract Quality: 1. ‘the absurd’ – that which is absurd. 2. mystical- that which is mystic 1. Some people enjoy the mystical in the literature.
7. Adjectives with verbs:-
An adjective is used after certain verbs like ‘taste and smell’. It expresses the quality of the subject. Here we consider the adjective to be complement, not an adverbial.
1. The fool tasted good.
2. The flower smells sweet.
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