The Part of speech
In the English language, Sentences, clauses, and phrases are made of words. Words are used for different purposes. So they are divided into different kinds or classes, according to their use; according to the work they do in a sentence. They are called Parts of Speech. They are following:
(1) Noun (2) Pronouns (3) Verb (4) Adjective (5) Adverb (6) Conjunction
(7) Interjection (8) Preposition (9) Determiners. Let’s discuss each part of speech in detail.
1. Noun:-
“A word that is used to name
a person, place, thing or idea
is defined as Noun”
Word that used for naming anything is called a Noun. e.g. Poet, Tagore, team, sun, sorrow, student, etc. The nouns in the following sentences are underlined.
1. Vinayak is a clever boy. 2. Delhi is the capital of India. 3. Knowledge brings wisdom.
Broadly nouns can be classified in two major types. (1) Proper Noun (2) Common Noun.
“A proper noun is the name of some particular person or thing”. e.g. Tagore, Indian, Shelly.
“A common noun is a name given in a common to every person, or thing of the same class.” Ex: boy, woman, poet. Common nouns are classified as following types.
Group Noun: 2. Countable Noun 3. Mass Noun 4. Abstract Noun 5. Concrete Noun
2. Pronoun:-
“A word that is used instead
of a noun is called pronoun”.
The pronoun replaced the noun, hence a pronoun is a substitute word and its chief use is to save the repetition of a noun. e.g. He she, you, I, my, mine, me, your, myself,
Vinayak is my friend. He is very clever.
I visited Delhi. This is the capital of India. 3. I did it myself.
In above sentences, underlined words are pronouns. Pronouns are divided into following kinds.
(1) Personal pronoun (2) Reflexive pronoun (3) Demonstrative (4) Indefinite
(5) Interrogative pronoun (6) Distributive (7) Reciprocal (8) Relative
3. Verb:-
“A word that is used to indicate
an action, condition, or existence
is called a verb.”
A verb may be said to be ‘doing word’. It is used to make a statement about a person, place, thing etc. It is an integral part of the sentences. It is the heard of a sentence. Without verb, the sentence doesn’t make a sense. e.g. to play, to wait, to have, to write, to be, etc.
Vinayak plays a cricket. 2. She waited for her boy friend.
Verbs falls under two main sections which has been mentioned in following figure.
4. Adjective:
“A word that is used to add
something to the meaning of
a noun is called an adjective”
Adjective is used to describe nouns. They are go with nouns and modify them. Words that generally end in suffixes like ‘-ful’, ‘-able’, ‘-our’, ‘-ly’ are generally adjectives. e.g. beautiful, glorious, memorable, wealthy, lovely, 1. Vinayak is a clever boy. 2. I read a historical novel.
Adjectives have two types of uses. (1) Attributive use (2) Predicative use
When an adjective is used with a noun, it is called attributive use. e.g. Neha is a beautiful girl.
When an adjective is used with a verb, it is called predicative use. e.g. Neha is afraid of cat.
5 Adverb:
“A word that is used to add
something to the meaning of
a verb, an adjective or another
adverb is called an Adverb”
Adverbs go with verbs and modify the meaning of verb. Generally adverb occurs after the verb the verb, but in some cases they occur before verbs. Words normally end in suffix- ‘ly’ are adverbs. e.g. slowly, suddenly, brighten, certainly, very, quite.
1. Vinayak writes stylishly. 2. Radha is very beautiful. 3. She speaks quite well.
In above sentences underlined words are adverbs. Adverbs are divided into four parts:-
(1) Adverb of manner (2) Adverb of place (3) Adverb of time (4) Adverb of frequency
6. Conjunction:
Conjunction is a joining word. It joins word and phrases to one another, one clause to another clause or one sentence to another sentence. It is divided into two parts: Co-ordinate Subordinate
When conjunction combines two independent clauses, it is called as co-ordinate. e.g. and, but or, for, either…or, neither...or. Example. I ran fast, but missed the train.
When conjunction combines main clause with a sub-ordinate clause, it is called subordinate conjunction. e.g. if, unless, though, while, when. Exa. If you work hard, you will get first class.
7. Interjection:
“A word which expresses some sudden feeling is called interjection.” Common English interjections are: Alas!, excellent!, Well done!, oh!, Wow! Ow! Hey!
1. Alas! She is dead. 2. Harrah! We have won the game. 3. Oh! What a beautiful present.
8. Preposition:
“A preposition is a word used with a noun or pronoun to show their relation with some other word in the sentence.” Prepositions show the position of following noun or pronoun. e.g. at, by from, on, off, with, into. In following sentences, prepositions are underlined.
1. She is angry with me. 2. Vinayak is fond of coffee. 3. The cat jumped off the chair.
9. Determiner:-
A word that is used to determine the meaning of noun is called a Determiner. e.g. a, an, the, some, many are examples of determiner.
1 The Ganga is a holy river. 2 Ram is an intelligent boy. 3. Radha is a beautiful girl.
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